Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal Essay Example

Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal Essay Jonathan Swift is an Irish writer from the 18th century and was known as a satirist, essayist and a political pamphleteer. He is the author of Guiltier s Travels, A Journal to Stella, Drapers Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, A Tale of a Tub and A Modest Proposal. His last work, A Modest Proposal is an occasional essay in which he gives a response to an economical problem which shatters and weakens Ireland at that time, but his response is satiric and he gives rational solutions. According to the Classic Encyclopedia, based on the 1 lath Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannic, Jonathan Swift Is a satirist struggling with a most uncongenial form of expression. HIS text Is based on solid argumentation, although Irrational and unpractical, and also well structured. He begins by Glenn a description of the city of Dublin which Is In a poor state crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. Only in his fourth paragraph he states his idea, his great Lana, and he does it by telling the reader that he had heavily reflected on it, his words being having turned my thoughts for many years upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of other projectors. He ultimately suggests that Irelands greatest problem concerns him very much, and so he is obliged to come up with a solution for the love of his country. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He implies that he had thought of many schemes but only one he thought to be of any help. His humbly position Is in contrasts with the end of his essay which can be Interpreted as his untouchable position, his plan cannot hurt him. Only after explaining to the reader the advantage of his scheme he tells them what It Implies, and that Is eating them while young and tender. This idea, eating young children, is given to him by an American, a very knowing American ,as he refers to him and it bears several connotations. From one point of view, a possible cause of including the Americans would be their perception that Irish, or other nation in general, is inferior to them, like savages, and Swift mocks them, and by using satire he shows them that Irish are capable of eating their children. From another point of view, Swift might show the reader that the Americans re the savage ones, due to the fact that he got the hint from one, he might imply that Americans are able to eat their children. Swift gives In the Preface to The Battle of the Books, 1704 the following definition of satire Satire Is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybodys face but their own, which Is the chief reason for that kind of reception it meets In the world, and that so very few are offended with It. and as a support of his theory he ends halls essay In an unexpected way. He says I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this accessory work, navels no toner motive tan ten puddle good AT my country, DAY advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing. which can either mean that he bears in mind only the welfare of his country or that he cannot be touched by it, as I previously mentioned, his child being too old to be eaten or sold and his wife past childbearing. As The new Princeton encyclopedia of poetry and attics say Despite the aesthetic and often comic or witty pleasure associated with much satire , their authors incline toward self- promotion as Judges of morals and manners, of behavior and thought. a writer may use irony to Judge to set some moral guidelines. Swift uses irony to mock some of Irish habits and some common belief which were very popular at that time, a person who has authority over every one who lives in his territory. He speaks about landlords, he says that Androids, who as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children to help him sustain his theory. He mocks that the landlord is the highest authority and everyone must obey him. If the landlord would approve his theory, that would mean that all of the children from under his territory would be sold to him, whether the parents approve of it or not. Another element which belongs to the sphere of satire is the relationship be tween the title and the content of the text. Ata first reading of the title, A Modest Proposal which has a small introduction, by which the author explains the reason of his pamphlet, For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public Swift may lead the reader into thinking that his proposal is fairly practical and useful; a reader may have expected an economical plan with may numbers and logical facts. Its ironic, but in a way, he did offer the reader numbers The number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couples who are able to maintain their own children, although I apprehend there cannot be so many, under the present distresses of the kingdom; but this being ranted, there will remain an hundred and seventy thousand breeders. I again subtract fifty thousand for those women who miscarry, or whose children die by accident or disease within the year. There only remains one hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born. and this gives the text authenticity, but his ideas are, nevertheless, immoral and unpractical. The reason of writing such a modest proposal is given by Carol Fabricate As a parody of the many fatuous proposals for dealing with the problem put forward by writers who had little understanding of the situation. According to what Fabricate says, there were created may systems to try and help Ireland overcome the economical problems, but all were proved to be useless. Swift mocks those who do not know how to write, and for that, he built with good and viable arguments an idea which is immoral, to show them that any idea can be proven, but that does not necessarily make it a good one. Carol Fabricate highlights that A Modest Proposal is an occasional essay and must be understood as a response to an economical problem. Its purpose is to mock the Irishmen, those who continue to write but do not understand what they are writing.

Should we use marijuana for medical purposes Professor Ramos Blog

Should we use marijuana for medical purposes Medical marijuana has helped people already in 29 states and the district of Columbia giving them positive health benefits. For example, Mykalaya has a mass in her chest. She was currently going to chemotherapy, but it was not doing what it was supposed to. Doctors recommended a full body radiation and bone marrow transplant. Mykalaya started her treatment but her parents noticed that she was not acting like herself she wasn’t happy. She didn’t want to eat, so her parent decided to try something different and started to treat her with cannabis. She takes two pills of cannabis oil twice a day which is equivalent to ten bong hits. She also eats it, in a brownie or lollipop, her parents also apply it to her skin in a lotion. Her parents say since she has started using medical marijuana she been more energized, a lot happier, and she has started gaining weight. Her parents claim that the active chemicals in medical marijuana that are like the chemical in are body that are i nvolved in appetite, memory, and pain, help reduce her anxiety and help with inflammation and relieve her pain. They also say it has helped control her nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It has also stimulated her appetite. More than half of the United States and the district of Columbia have legalized medical marijuana in some form, and more are considering bills to do the same. Yet while many People are using marijuana, the FDA still hasn’t approved its treatment because there haven’t been enough studies to prove that its safe and effective. Medical marijuana uses the marijuana plant or chemicals in it to treat diseases or conditions. It’s basically the same product as recreational marijuana, but it is taken for medical purposes. The marijuana plant contains more then 100 different chemicals called cannabinoids. Each one has a different effect on the body. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and cannabidiol (cbd) are the main chemical used in medicine. The THC also produces the â€Å"high† people feel when they smoke marijuana. Depending on the strain you can either receive a creative energizing uplifting head high. There are other strains that give you a relaxing body high. The initial effects when smoked takes a few minutes to feel that could last a few hours. When you eat medical marijuana, the initial effects kick in an hour after, but the effects last several hours. Although you can never overdose on medical marijuana some side effects are dry mouth, impaired mental function, dizziness, and heart and blood pressure problems. Also, when smoking it has a negative effect on the heart and lungs. Long term effects of cannabis are not clear, but some concerns include memory and cognition problems. One of the most common use for medical marijuana in the United States is for pain control. â€Å"When ingested or inhaled, the compounds bind to specific receptors in the brain and nerve cells, which slows pain impulses and eases the discomfort.† But medical marijuana is used to treat several different conditions like cancer, multiple sclerosis, crohn’s disease, and nausea but it has also shown promising research of PTSD in veterans who are returning from combat zone. Many veterans and their therapists report drastic improvement and clamor for loosening of governmental restrictions on its study. â€Å"Research suggests that those with mental illness might be self-medicating with marijuana – turning to the plant to help manage their symptoms, rather than becoming ill after use. Emerging evidence indicates that psychiatric patients who try marijuana show significant improvements in symptoms and clinical outcomes (such as lower mortality rates and better cognitive functioning) compared with those who have not. Some of the unique chemicals in marijuana, such as cannabidiol (CBD), seem to have anti psychotic properties. Now, researchers are investigating it as a possible treatment for schizophrenia and depression† (Maurizio). There has been a major controversy with the use of medical marijuana when it comes down to children. Medical marijuana received a lot of attention a few years ago when parents said that a special form of the drug helped control seizures in their children, so far research hasn’t proved it works. But some epilepsy centers are testing a drug called Epidiolex. The research that was done and with 272 patients’ 86 percent of cases had a seizure reduction and ten percent experienced complete seizure remission. For example, Allison Hendershot relocated her family to Colorado to help her daughter who had been having seizures since she was 4 months old. Since she has been receiving Epidiolex her daughter has been able to concentrate more, and her seizures have dropped so she doesn’t have as many. Being a single mom to a 4-year-old and doing my research I would give my child medical marijuana if needed for seizures or cancer. I agree with the parent’s decision to use medical marijuana on their child. I couldn’t imagine my child going threw such hard medication with awful side effects. If a plant can help ease the pain and bring my child some comfort I will do whatever it takes. Work cited page: Bifulco, Maurizio, et al. â€Å"Cannabinoids and Cancer: Pros and Cons of an Antitumour Strategy.† British Journal of Pharmacology, Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111), 29 Jan. 2009, bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706632. cannabis oil treatments are helping child. cannabis oil treatments are helping children with seizures. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018 Peter, Grinspon. Harvard Health publishing , health.harvard.edu/blog/medical-marijuana-2018011513085. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. marijuana minors  . youtube.com/watch?v=TXKjRkkoIOU. Accessed 8 Nov. 2018. We are the Drug policy alliance, drugpolicy.org/does-marijuana-negatively-impact-mental-health. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. webmd, webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medical-marijuana-faq. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018.

Three Common Reasons for Medical School Rejection

Three Common Reasons for Medical School Rejection After months of waiting and hoping, you get the word: Your application to medical school was rejected. It’s never an easy email to read.   You’re not alone, but knowing that doesn’t make it easier. Get angry, grieve, and then, if you are considering reapplying, take action.   Medical school applications are rejected for a wide range of reasons. Often it is as simple as too many stellar applicants and too few spots. How do you increase your odds of gaining admission next time? Learn from your experience. Consider these three common reasons why medical school applications may be rejected. Poor GradesOne of the best predictors of achievement is past achievement.   Your academic record is important as it tells admissions committees about your academic capacities, commitment, and consistency. The best applicants consistently earn a high grade point average (GPA) in their general education classes and especially their premed science curriculum. More rigorous courses tend to be weighted more heavily than less challenging classes. Admissions committees might also consider the institution’s reputation in considering an applicant’s GPA.   However, some admissions committees use GPA as a screening tool to narrow the applicant pool, without considering applicants’ coursework or institution.   Like it or not, have explanations or not, a GPA of less than 3.5 can be blamed, at least partly, for being rejected from medical school.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Poor MCAT ScoreWhile some medical schools use GPA as a screening tool, the majority of med schools turn to Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores to weed out applicants (and some institutions use a combined GPA and MCAT score).   Applicants come from different institutions, with different coursework, and different academic experiences, making it difficult to draw comparisons. MCAT scores are critical because they are the only tool admissions committees have for making direct comparisons among applicants – apples to apples, so to speak.   A minimum MCAT score of 30 is recommended.   Do all applicants with MCAT scores of 30 get accepted or even interviewed? No, but 30 is a good rule of thumb as to a reasonable score that can keep some doors from closing.   Lack of Clinical ExperienceThe most successful medical school applicants obtain clinical experience and relay this experience to the admissions committee. What is clinical experience? It sounds fancy but it is simply experience within a medical setting that allows you to learn something about some aspect of medicine.   Clinical experience shows the admissions committee that you know what you are getting in to and illustrates your commitment. After all, how can you convince a committee that medical career is for you if you haven’t even observed medical personnel at work?   Discuss this experience in the activities and experience section of the   American Medical College Application (AMCAS). Clinical experience can include shadowing a physician or two, volunteering in a clinic or hospital, or participating in an internship through your university. Some premed programs offer opportunities for premed students to acquire clinical experience. If your program doesn’t offer help in obtaining clinical experience, don’t worry. Try speaking with a professor or visit a local clinic or hospital and offer to volunteer. If you go this route make contact with someone at the facility who will supervise you and consider asking a faculty member at your university to establish contact with your supervisor. Remember that obtaining clinical experience is great for your application but it is especially helpful when you can specify site and faculty supervisors who can write recommendations on your behalf. No one wants to read a rejection letter. It is often hard to determine exactly why an applicant is rejected, but GPA, MCAT scores, and clinical experience are three critical factors.   Other areas to examine include recommendation letters, also known as letters of evaluation, and admissions essays.   As you contemplate reapplying, reevaluate your choices of medical schools to ensure that they best fit your credentials. Most important, apply early to have the best odds of admission to medical school. Rejection Is not necessarily the end of the line.

What are the features of a gendered approach to new media Illustrate Essay

What are the features of a gendered approach to new media Illustrate your answer with examples from cyberfeminism - Essay Example The gendered approach to new media shall be discussed based on cyberfeminism and some examples of how it applies to new media. According to Sadie Plant (1997), cyberfeminism is a completely post-human insurrection. It is said to refer to a reaction of a new system which incorporates women and computers in relation to the global perspective and obvious reality of patriarchy which usually subjugates such women (Plant, 1997). In this case, there is a coalition of goods against masters, in this case, an alliance of women and machines (Bassett, 1997). Such ideal considerations between women and machines have also been observed in the VNS Matrix and its Cyberfeminist Manifesto for the 21st century. Rosi Braidotti (1996) also declares that cyberfeminism has to support a system of affirmation with women engaging in cyberspace in order to ensure that it would not be marked by men and their penchant for male domination. Under such context, there is a need to eliminate the previews views of fem inism, popular in the 1970s. Cyberfeminism declares that 1970s feminism is often guilt-inducing, anti-sex, and based on political correctness. Such 1970s feminism is also not relevant to women’s conditions in new technologies (Braidotti, 1996). However, in the actual setting, cyberfeminism has also included other applications of feminist movements like strategic separatism, social as well as language theory assessment, and the establishment of new images for women on the internet to resist persistent sexist stereotypes, strategic essentialism, and similar concepts (Plant, 1997). The rejection of historical feminism is an issue because it relinquishes also the new ideals, aligning itself with fears and stereotypes about feminism. In scanning internet content, majority of the popular feminist agitation presently apply by women on the net includes a cybergrrl-ism in all its incarnations including webgrrls, guerrilla girls, bad grrls

Ralph Lauren Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ralph Lauren Case Study Analysis - Essay Example Recommend ways through which the brand can continue to be successful in future: 8 5. Conclusions 9 6. Bibliography 10 1. Introduction This report contains relevant information about the Keller CBBE model steps and how a brand like Ralph Lauren has successfully managed to implement the Keller CBBE steps to their competitive advantage. In addition to that, the paper also contains information about POP’s as well as POD’s and how a brand like Ralph Lauren can utilize these unique and strategic features so as to gain a competitive edge and a lasting market stand. 2. Apply all four steps of Keller’s CBBE model (2003 or 2008 or 2011) in case of the Ralph Lauren brand. To what extent do you think the Ralph Lauren brand has achieved resonance with its customers? According to Keller (2003), the CBBE model is used by businesses so as to create an impact and a solid platform through the products and services that they have to their targeted market. Steps in Keller’s B rand Equity Model: 2.1 Brand Identity (Salience or Awareness) This step involves the creation of an outstanding brand name. Keller (2003) termed this as â€Å"brand salience†. The RL brand has optimally fulfilled brand identity. They have been in existence for a number of years and have managed to counter competition effectively. Their customers distinguish their products as being luxurious. Therefore, whenever a customer wants superior products, they are sure that RL will be one of the possible brands to deliver. It can also be noted that, the brand RL know what specific market segments they need to target with their superior products. This tip could be related to the idea that they always engage in thorough market research techniques and strategies which unveil information that is relevant to keep them ahead of their game at most times. Through the information that is deduced from market research, it can be noted that the brand has also managed to attract customers to their array of products and services which fully satisfy the needs demanded. Extent of RL Brand Awareness: When consumers need luxurious and high quality products, they always have RL in mind. 2.2 Brand Performance According to Keller (2003), brand performance is the capability of the product to achieve the desired needs and/ or wants of the customer. There are a number of different customers’ needs such as: product reliability, product durability, product efficiency and effectiveness, product design and the most important is the product pricing. The RL brand main core business products and services include: clothing, footwear, fragrances, jewellery, tailoring and food service. From that, it can be determined that the brand has achieved performance through their product pricing, product reliability, product design, as well as product durability. This is due to the fact that they only deal with luxurious products for men, women and children and they have never compromised on the qu ality, reliability, durability and design of their products. In addition to that, their brand is priced accordingly and they will always deliver as stated. 2.3 Brand Image According to Keller (2003), brand image refers to the general outlook of the product. It can also relate to the experience that the customer got while using the product or service and how that experience impacted them –

India as a Land of Infinite Variety Essay Example for Free

India as a Land of Infinite Variety Essay So far as I am able to judge, nothing has been left undone, either by man or nature, to make India the most extraordinary country that the sun visits on his rounds. Nothing seems to have been forgotten, nothing overlooked. India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Mark Twain, the writer of this quotation, was obviously impressed by the subcontinent. Travel agents say its nearly impossible not to be impressed, astonished and amazed by India—all within the first hour off the plane—for this nation is blessed with sacred sites and ancient ruins, each with a mesmerizing story to tell, creating a treasure-filled world of travel opportunities. Towering Mountains, Vast Deserts and Lush Rainforests Nestled between Pakistan, China and Nepal, India is bordered in the north by the worlds highest mountain chain, while further south, tropical rain forests mingle with windswept deserts. To complete the geographic smorgasbord, palm-fringed beaches trim the peninsula like ribbon on a huge Christmas gift. The only thing missing is a glacier, but no one seems to mind. Visitors and locals alike do not complain about Indias astonishing cultural diversity either, for the nation boasts an inspired, imaginative burst of religions and cultures, races and tongues, resulting from 5,000 years of history. Indias long, historical significance and great natural wealth have lured a long succession of foreign influences, traders and craftsmen, each having left their distinctive imprint on the country. Whether you come to rejuvenate spiritually, relax on the countless beaches or live like a queen in the land of princes, Indias amazing diversity offers everything you could ever want in a holiday. With so much to choose from, its wise to enlist the aid of a trusted travel agent. Paragons of advice, travel agents suggest that, because of Indias size and diversity, its best to focus your journey around a particular tour or theme. This allows you to experience in depth one tantalizing aspect of the country while still enjoying the variety that makes India a top travel destination. The Golden Triangle: New Delhi, Agra, Jaipur Of Indias many tours, the Golden Triangle is one of the most popular, for the three cities that form the triangle—New Delhi, Agra and Jaipur—feature the images that epitomize India. Inside this triangle youll see a panorama of majestic architectural creations that feed the areas rich traditions, like the symphony of marble that is the Taj Mahal (arguably the worlds most perfect structure), the imperial elegance of New Delhi and the desert city of Jaipur. | Taj Mahal| Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan, one of the largest of Indias 28 states and host to the exotic Desert Adventure tour. Rajasthan is known as the Land of Kings, where sumptuous palaces dot the desert landscape and battle-scarred fortresses stand tall atop hills like sentinels. Youll begin your adventure at Jodhpur, an ancient stronghold on the edge of the Thar Desert, before traveling along trade routes to the unforgettable golden fortress at Jaisalmer and beyond. Beyond Indias present-day heritage is a past steeped in spiritual lore, enlightening travelers who tour the Buddhist Circuit. Walk in the footsteps of Siddhartha Gautama—the gentle sage who became the Buddha—and sit beneath the Holy Bodhi tree at Bodhgaya, under which he gained enlightenment in 528 BC. Visit Sarnath, where the Buddha gave the world his first sermon, and Kushinagar, the site of his death. This tour is a spiritual journey that will stay with you for a lifetime. The Land of Coconuts Another Indian journey that will surely stick with you for a lifetime is a cruise through the Backwaters of Kerala. Kerala, on the southwestern tip of the peninsula, is called the land of coconuts, where palm trees shade nearly the entire state from the tropical sun. All along its coast, exotic backwaters, canals, lagoons and inlets create an intricate maze stretching nearly 1,200 miles throughout the land. Traveling by boat along the emerald-tinted backwaters is a magical experience. Any trip you make to incredible India will be a magical experience, especially if you book your journey through your friendly, neighborhood travel agent. Travel agents can combine any of the above tours or extend them to include exciting nights in bustling cities like Calcutta, New Delhi and Mumbai (Bombay). They can send you along other fabulous tours of India, to the Temple Trail of the south, across the Seven Sisters of the northeast or through the jungles that inspired Kipling in the Heart of Heritage. Always warm and inviting, India is a land of timeless beauty with 5,000 years of life under its ornate belt.Contact a trusted travel agent today and start exploring the infinite variety of this magical land.

Naturalistic Observation Report Essay -- Childhood Observation Essays

Naturalistic observation is a way of observing applicants in their own natural environment without the contestants realizing the observers are present. My observation took me to different places and settings to complete my assignment where I observed the subjects’ reactions and further relate it with concepts of psychology. This assignment is going to look into the observation at different settings by watching people as they go about their normal activities in their own habitats, and will briefly describe the concepts of superego, egocentrism, operant conditioning, pretend play, and lack of conservation. These concepts are common between the ages 4-6 years of age. The paper will also analyze the interactions using a reflective approach on the psychology of young children. The concept of superego plays an active role in our daily lives. Freud’s interpretation of superego is most simply understood in the natural observation when observing the participants in the school setting, where a boy around 5-6 years of age playing around with bunch of kids saw the $20 bill lying on the playground with no one around it. He took the money and turned it into the school office in case anyone came looking for it. He wouldn’t want to lose $20, and hoped that whoever had lost it would ask about it in the office which leads me to believe that the child may have an overly strong superego because of the fact that â€Å"Once the superego emerges, children have a parental voice in their head that keeps them from violating society’s rules and make them guilty or ashamed if they do† (Sigelman & Rider, 2012, p. 49). According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the superego is the factor of personality composed of our internalized ideal s that w... ...rst step in a research program. In my observation, I studied different concepts of psychology that are critical in influencing a child development and understands different human behavior as they take place in a daily setting. This gave me an opportunity to notice the participant’s natural behavior, which reduces minimizes biases in my observation and also can be further used as a rich source of hypotheses. As one investigator commented, "The major strength of naturalistic observation is that it allows researchers to study behavior under conditions that are less artificial than in experiments† (Weiten, 2008, p. 347). Works Cited Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2011). Human development across the life-span (7th ed.). Belmont Calif: Wadsworth. Weiten, W. (2010). Psychology: Themes & variations (8th ed.). Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

Globalisation Is a Positive Force in the World. Discuss.

Globalisation is a positive force in the world. Discuss. In recent years, amongst all the claims and counterclaims, the argument over whether globalisation is a positive force or not has become rather controversial. Advocates claim globalisation facilitates economic growth, international financial integration, and cooperation between nations while critics vigorously argue that globalisation leads to a fierce exploitation of the labour class, a disparity between rich and poor, and a concentration of resources.Peng (2009) has indicated an innovative perception, the pendulum view, in order to emphasize both ups and downs of globalisation. As a pendulum, not only one direction swings, but also the other. The influence of globalisation raises the caution that dominant culture and multinational corporations (MNCs) control the most power which destroys not only local enterprises, but also local cultures and values. Despite the defects mentioned above, regarding the MNCs' international strat egy, it is often said globalisation as a foundation is conducive to the extension of profits.In this essay, the impact of globalisation on MNCs will be examined and will mainly concentrate on the following forces: market, cost, and efficiency. As the domestic market gradually matures, it is essential for a corporation in developed country to extend its market. The invisible pressure behind this phenomenon originates from keen competition with other companies, especially multinational enterprises possessing a large amount of capital. Gradually, the sum of profits decreases and the stockholders' grievances escalate. As a result, the board has to search for the solution to mitigate the clash.Facing this challenge, corporations attempt to sell products to consumers in emerging markets because these potential customers are many times greater than domestic consumers. Moreover, globalization transubstantiates not only the field of market but also the formation of industry. According to Sch olte (2005), Globalisation has transformed the constitution of predominant industries. During the late nineteenth century, older heavy industries such as chemicals and oil occupied the entire market. After that, approximately three-fifths enterprises have transferred to the region of finance, information and communications.In other words, the system of accumulating capital has been converted from merchandise to intangibles since 2000. However, globalisation creates not only advantages but disadvantages. In order to develop market overseas, MNCs utilize advertisement and mess media such as Hollywood movies to spread the value and cultures which might be considered materialistic and capitalistic. For example, McDonald has been accused of not only misleading many young people into believing fast food is beneficial but also destroying the local catering culture.Therefore, it is often said that cultural destruction is possibly triggered by enterprises, which brings about the steadily ero ded local culture and the state of collapse in cultural identity. Despite this, it is undeniable that globalisation still plays a pivotal role of expanding the market and a prerequisite for enterprises to thrive. The ultimate aim of production is ascertaining the location, closest to customers, to achieve the minimization of production costs. Thus, there is a motto for international business to consider where to establish the factory, which is â€Å"Location, location, location. Peng (2009) suggested that an ideal location requires not only location-specific advantages, associated with the uniqueness of geographical, but also agglomeration. The former provides the company with the traffic convenience such as Miami, known as the gateway of the Americas connecting North American firms to South American; the latter, clustering economic activities in certain locations to create a pool of specialized labor force, suppliers and purchasers, creates an advantage for a company to reduce cos ts thereby obtaining maximum of profits. Peng, 2009) In addition, a company attempting to decrease its production costs expands its operations overseas due to the effect of economies of scale. The more enormous the production scale, the lower a producer's average cost per unit. It is especially influential for those industries without production differentiation, producing certain manufactures such as steel and iron, tires and cars. As a result, they are forced to search for the advantages of cost leadership. In this situation, the advisable solution to the pressure of reducing costs is enhancing the scale of production to lower the fixed costs.In order to achieve it, enterprises have a tendency to pay the employee’s salary as less as possible, which contributes to exploitation. Consequently, exploitation result in unfavorable working conditions and  the unequal distribution  of wealth; increasing number of people living below the poverty line can cause social problems suc h as homelessness. In sum, it is necessary for enterprises to ensure proper working conditions while searching for cost leadership. Considering human resources deficiency, industries should be dedicated to the core business, and outsource the other less important departments or business to boost efficiency.Globalisation offers enterprises a new category of outsourcing, called offshore outsourcing. Differing from onshore outsourcing, a company utilizes offshore outsourcing for the purpose of decreasing costs and employing experts with high efficiency to economize on the inessential organisations or departments. For example, â€Å"IT is outsourced for many reasons, ranging from a bandwagon effect from the subject’s high profile to cost pressures due to competition and economic recession† (Lacity ; Willcocks, 2009, p. 212).To conquer these obstacles, offshore outsourcing is fully implemented to accumulate data, experts, and intellectual transactions in IT industry. Beside s this, in order to promote a company's efficiency, the high-speed internet as a connecting net is applied for various companies to communicate in the world, which creates low-cost business process outsourcing (BPO). BPO is introduced to those developed countries with high standardization in which a company transfers their non-core business to the countries with lower labor costs.Through twenty-four hours communication and production, two business-related companies have potential to continue working without cessation, which eventually assists both of them. Despite the advantages mentioned above, in the process of BPO, it is possible that the knowledge could be stolen. If a company’s intellectual property rights are infringed, their competitive strengths might suddenly vanish and it will lose a large number of money. To determine outsourcing or not, enterprises have to consider the importance of the task and how to avoid infringement.Therefore, it is viable for them to outsour ce those non-core businesses to enhance efficiency. To conclude, this essay briefly illustrates the effects of globalisation, as a foundation, offering a fundamental basis for market, cost and efficiency. This material foundation attracts enterprises to invest overseas, resulting in an assumption that enterprises can boost profits when they obtain complete qualifications, including multinational market, cost leadership, and high efficiency. However, as a pendulum, globalisation does have negative forces to enterprises, especially local business.As Peng (2009) commented that â€Å"some factions in emerging economies complained against the onslaught of MNEs, which allegedly not only destroy local companies, but also local cultures and values as well as the environment. †(Peng, 2009, p. 19) Based on these conflicts, the urgent issue for enterprises to face is how to reduce the unfavorable circumstances and, simultaneously, on a  global  scale, pursue the maximum value throug h managing the following four tensions: â€Å"strategy,  people,  costs, and  risk. † (Dewhurst, 2012, p. 77)

Crystal Violet Formal Lab

Determination of Reaction Rate Law from the Reaction of Crystal Violet with Sodium Hydroxide ______________________________________________ Abstract: This experiment helps determine the rate of reaction of crystal violet while it reacts with sodium hydroxide with respect to crystal violet. The amount of sodium hydroxide is varied in this experiment while crystal violet is kept at a constant. The transmittance of crystal violet is observed and recorded using a colorimeter and the data obtained is used to plot graphs which are manipulated using LoggerPro software to produce the desired outcome; rate of reaction of crystal violet.Upon completion of the experiment it was seen that the rate of reaction of crystal violet turned out to be 1 which meant the reaction was first order with respect to crystal violet. This was deduced upon plotting the graph of ln Absorbance versus time of crystal violet and by drawing the line of best fit, which showed that the slope graph was 1 which is the rat e of reaction. This whole experiment was based upon the equation: Rate= k [CV+] [OH-], where k stands for the rate constant.Introduction: Kinetics, which is the study of how fast a reaction takes place or in other words the rate of a reaction, is the main ideology in this experiment. Reaction rates can be measured in a number of ways: by monitoring the amount of product formed, by measuring the loss in mass of reactants, for reactions involving gaseous products measuring the volume of gas produced, by electrolytic conductivity, pH measurement or for colored reactants or products measuring the transmittance by the use of a colorimeter.In this experiment the last method of measurement is used which is colorimetry. Colorimetry is a method of determining the kinetics of a reaction using a spectrometer which observes the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted through a colored solution. As a reaction proceeds, the reactants either fades away or the product forms the color. By mo nitoring these changes the amount of product formed or reactant used up with respect to time can be monitored. The amount of light that is absorbed by a colored substance can be measured by calculating percentage absorbance or transmittance.A very helpful device known as colorimeter which is present in almost all equipped labs makes this quite simple to deduce. The machine displays the amount of light that passes through or absorbed by the substance. This instrument is based on the optics law or more commonly known as Beer-Lambert law, which is used in measuring the concentration of a solute in contrast to its absorbance. The colorimeter measures the wavelengths of different solutions as they vary. Distilled water is used as a reference in this experiment as it contains no colored elements and has a value of zero when inserted into the colorimeter.Crystal violet, a purple dye commonly used in inks or printers is reacted with sodium hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda which is a powerful base. Sodium hydroxide is a colorless solution which when reacted with crystal violet causes it to lose its purple color and form a colorless product. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the order of the reaction with respect to crystal violet by using colorimetry. The amount of crystal violet is kept at a constant during the whole experiment while various amounts of sodium hydroxide, each of varying concentration are used.This method of determining rates is called the isolation method. Amount of reactant used with respect to time or the rate of reaction can be determined by plotting a graph of concentration versus time for the reactant if the reaction is first order. The slope is a measure of how much reactant is used per unit of time. As the concentration of reactant reduces in a chemical reaction, the slope is a negative value, hence by considering the absolute value of the slope, the rate of reaction of that reactant can be found for the reaction.If the rea ction was to be of second order, a graph of ln of concentration versus time would produce the rate of reaction by determining the slope like before. It must be noted that only the absolute value of the slope matters in this situation. Third order reactions have somewhat a similar story except they require a plot of 1/concentration versus time to determine rate of reaction. When all three graphs are plotted, the graph with the line of best fit, or the one in which all point seem to be on a straight line is the correct one for the reaction. This is easily drawn using the LoggerPro software.When all three graphs are drawn, the graph with the best fit line and lowest root mean square error, or the lowest deviation from the best fit line, is the graph to be used to determine reaction kinematics. This knowledge is acquired from the equations of the integrated rate laws which are explained in the textbook. The solutions are mixed in small amounts in cuvettes and inserted into the colorimet er, which reads the percentage transmittance during the time period. The colorimeter has an enclosed space for the cuvette to be inserted making sure light from other sources does not interfere with the reaction, hence providing accurate results.The rate of the reaction is determined by using the equation: Rate= k [CV+] [OH-], where k is the rate constant for the reaction. Materials: Solutions of crystal violet and sodium hydroxide were available in the laboratory which were previously prepared of concentrations 2. 00 E-5 and 2. 00 E-2 respectively. Deionized water was used in calibration while cuvettes were used to transfer substances into the colorimeter. Magnetic stirrers along with stir bars were used in mixing the reagents together which were transferred to the beaker via pipettes to ensure accurate results were produced.Methods: Three solutions were made to be put into the cuvttes. The first of them contained 20ml of crystal violet and 20ml of sodium hydroxide. The second had 20ml crystal violet along with 10ml of distilled water and 10ml of sodium hydroxide. The third solution contained 20ml crystal violet with 15ml distilled water and 5ml sodium hydroxide. The reagents were mixed well in beakers, each containing the different solutions and were stirred sufficiently on a magnetic stir plate. The colorimeter was calibrated with distilled water which set a reference value of zero making sure that all succeeding readings would be accurate.A small sample of the first solution was placed in a cuvette which was inserted into the colorimeter. Data collection started immediately and was recorded for 15 min, the whole duration of the cuvette in the colorimeter. The different values of transmittance were recorded and the data was plotted into a graph with the help of LoggerPro software. The same procedure was repeated for the second and third solution and thereby obtaining three different Absorbance versus time graphs for each. Care was taken at every step of thi s experiment to ensure that errors were minimized to the fullest.The colorimeter was calibrated every time before placing a new cuvette into it to make sure results were accurate. The dye was handled with care as it leaves stain marks on any surface it is spilled on. Goggles were worn throughout the experiment to keep the eyes from risk of exposure. Safety gloves were worn to handle all reagents as one of them, sodium hydroxide, is a strong base and has significant corrosive properties. The graphs obtained from the three solutions were then manipulated using the LoggerPro software which enables he application of various calculus functions to produce different graphs, all of which lead to determination of the order of the reaction. A line of best fit was applied to all three graphs and the slopes (m), absorbance value at 7min (a) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were recorded. The first graph was reopened and a new column of ln Absorbance was made, using this data, another plot of ln Absorbance versus time was created using LoggerPro. This was done again for the second and third solutions.The graph of Absorbance versus time for the first solution was opened again to produce a graph of 1/Absorbance versus time which was saved. All of these were made possible using LoggerPro. All of the graphs produced had a line of best fit through them which made it easy to determine slope and RMSE values for each of them along with absorbance values at 7 minutes, which is the half life of the reaction period or half the time for the data to be collected. All of the data collected from the graphs were tabulated and values were used in determining the reaction rate of the reaction.Results: Figure 1: Graph slowing relationship of Absorbance versus time for first solution Figure 2: Relationship of ln Absorbance versus time for first solution Figure 3: Plot of 1/Absorbance versus time for first solution Figure 4: ln Absorbance versus time plot for solution 2 Solution| Order(p) | ? RMSE? | 1| 0| 0. 01641| 1| 1| 0. 01129| 1| 2| 0. 3810| Table 1: RMSE values for the three graphs for solution 1 Solution| Order (p)| [OH-]0/M| Kps= -Slope(m)*| 1| 1| 10. E-3| 0. 09287| 2| 1| 5. 0E-3| 0. 1238| 3| 1| 2. 5E-3| 0. 01038| *(m= slope from plot of ln Absorbance versus time)Table 2: Slopes of the different ln Absorbance versus time for three graphs Figure 5: Plot of kps (slope) versus [OH-]0 Figure 6: Graph of ln kps versus ln [OH-]0 Solution| Order(p)| Slope (m)| Value at 7 min (a)| RMSE| ? RMSE/a? | 1| 0| -0. 02360| 0. 271| 0. 01641| 0. 0605| 1| 1| -0. 09287| 0. 271| 0. 01129| 0. 0416| 1| 2| 0. 40210| 0. 271| 0. 3810| 1. 405| 1| 1| -0. 09287| 0. 271| 0. 01129| 0. 0416| 2| 1| -0. 12380| 0. 134| 0. 01566| 0. 1169| 3| 1| -0. 010380| 0. 492| 0. 00693| 0. 0141| Table 3: Data obtained from all the graphs plottedIt was observed during the reaction that the color changed from purple to colorless at the end when taken out of the cuvette. Discussion: Table 1 shows the absolute (RMSE /a) values for the first solution. The RMSE values are obtained from the graphs produced from solution 1(graphs 1, 2 and 3). The graph with the least absolute RMSE/a value is the one with the best fit line with the greatest accuracy; hence the graph 2 or the plot of ln Absorbance versus time for solution 1 is the most accurate one as it has an absolute RMSE/a value of 0. 129. Thus it can be deduced from the table that the reaction is first order with respect to crystal violet. Since it is now known that the reaction is first order with respect to crystal violet, the functional relationship for p=1 is: ln Absorbance= [ln Absorbance]0- kpst; This equation is familiar since it is one of the integrated rate law equations as seen previously. First order reactions are determined if the plot of ln Absorbance versus time have a line of best fit which is accurate.Thus the equation above shows that the best fit line from the plot would equal to –kps. Therefore the kps values woul d be equal to negative of the slopes of ln Absorbance versus time graphs for all three solutions which is depicted in Table 2. To determine the order of reaction with respect to [OH-] some more calculations are required and more graphs are required to be plotted. The kps values obtained from Table 2 along with the [OH-]0 values aid in the plotting of another kps versus [OH-]0 graph. The graph that is obtained is shown in Figure 5.To double check the accuracy of the graph, a second graph of ln kps versus ln [OH-]0 is plotted which would be the graph if the reaction was to be of order 1 with respect to [OH-] which is depicted in Figure 6. When the two graphs are compared to each other and their slopes and RMSE values compared from the data collected in Table 3, it is seen that the reaction is actually in fact order 1. 5 which when rounded off to the nearest integer would be equal to 1. q= slope of plot of ln kps versus ln [OH-]0= 1. 581 as seen from Figure 6.The RMSE value is also a v ery low value which means that this value would be very accurate and hence the reaction would be first order with respect to sodium hydroxide. The discrepancy in the final value of q can be accounted for by transfer losses, when the reagents were being transferred from the pipette to the beaker; some of it remains in the pipette and causes the concentration to be a little lower than actually reported. It should also be noted that the same cuvette was not used throughout the experiment.Different cuvettes are made from different plastics from varying compositions which mean they have different permeability which doesn’t allow the same wavelengths of light to pass through all of them, thus the colorimeter reads differently which causes errors. The reaction starts off with a purple color as crystal violet is a purple solution and sodium hydroxide is colorless. As time elapses, the violet color starts to fade away and the solution becomes colorless as their product is a colorless aqueous solution.Conclusion: Thus the above experiment concludes that the reaction was first order with respect to crystal violet and also first order with respect to sodium hydroxide. The overall reaction order was 2 with respect to crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. The overall of the rate law for the reaction would be: Rate: k [CV+] [OH-]. To ensure results are more accurate in the future, a single cuvette should be used when carrying out the whole experiment and all of the reagents must be transferred efficiently without loses to and from the beaker to ensure 100% efficiency along with using proper safety equipment while handling chemicals.References: 1. Atkins, P. W. (1978). Physical chemistry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 2. Allen, J. P. (2008). Biophysical chemistry. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. 3. Lindon, J. C. , Tranter, G. E. , & Holmes, J. L. (2000). Encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry. San Diego: Academic Press. Appendix: Solution 1: Order 0, ? RMSE/a? = 0. 01 641/0. 271= 0. 0605 Order 1, ? RMSE/a? = 0. 01129/0. 271= 0. 0416 Order 2, ? RMSE/a? =0. 3810/0. 217= 1. 4050 Solution 2, Order 1, ? RMSE/a? =0. 01566/0. 134= 0. 1169 Solution 3, Order 1, ? RMSE/a? = 0. 00693/0. 492= 0. 0141

Song of Solomon essays

Song of Solomon essays Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon relates the story of Milkman Dead and his obsession with flying, yet the book is also full of motifs and themes related to love which at times reinforces and supports the story while dealing with death and loss. Morrison also uses the themes of flight and love in order to engage the reader and bring about feelings of freedom. In addition, Morrison uses memory as a tool in order to relate the idea that certain sensory perceptions like smell and taste can often bring the reader closer to understanding a character and their personal feelings. Thus, by using these recurring themes, Morrison is attempting to tell us that it is better to try and deal with our problems than to escape from them. Also, Morrisons storytelling technique allows the reader to pick up on certain cues that inform Solomons desire to escape from reality and his responsibilities; thus, flying is a metaphor for this need to escape while love acts as the binding ingredient between the main characters. The title The Song of Solomon, obviously borrowed from the Old Testament, is Morrisons way of relating tales of romance and maturity via the retelling of the African-American experience in the United States. The novel opens with Robert Smith, an agent of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, who decides to take off from Mercy and fly away on my own wings (9), but Pilot fails to save him and sings a song at his deathO Sugarman done fly/O Sugarman done gone (11). The very next day, Milkman is born at Mercy Hospital and as if he had been touched by Smiths blue silk wings, he too wishes to fly and when the little boy discovered, at four, the same thing Mr. Smith learned earlier, that only birds and airplanes could fly, he lost all interest in Many years later when Milkman reaches adulthood, he and his friend Guitar see a ...

Definition and Examples of Verbal Paradox

Definition and Examples of Verbal Paradox Definition A verbal paradox is a  figure of speech in which a seemingly self-contradictory statement is nevertheless foundin some senseto be true. Also called a  paradoxical statement. In  A Dictionary of Literary Devices (1991),  Bernard Marie Dupriez defines verbal paradox as an assertion which runs counter to received opinion, and whose very formulation contradicts current ideas.   Irish author Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) was a master of the verbal paradox. He once said, Life is much too important to be taken seriously. See Examples and Observations below. also: ParadoxContradictory PremisesEnantiosisOxymoron Examples and Observations The old verbal paradox still holds tree, that blackberries are green when they are red.(Ezra Brainerd, The Blackberries of New England. Rhodora, Feb. 1900) It is the wonderful paradox . . . that the best way to achieve happiness for oneself is to give happiness to others.†(David Michie, The Dalai Lamas Cat. Hay House, 2012) Paradoxes of G.K. Chesterton- It is so easy to be solemn; it is so hard to be frivolous. . . .These articles have another disadvantage arising from the scurry in which they were written; they are too long-winded and elaborate. One of the great disadvantages of hurry is that it takes such a long time.(G.K. Chesterton, The Case for the Ephemeral. All Things Considered, 1908)- There is nothing that fails like success.(G.K. Chesterton, Heretics, 1905)- It is of the new things that men tireof fashions and proposals and improvements and change. It is the old things that startle and intoxicate. It is the old things that are young.(G.K. Chesterton, The Napoleon of Notting Hill, 1904)- The object of verbal paradox, then, is persuasion, and its principle is the inadequacy of words to thoughts, unless they be very careful ly chosen words.(Hugh Kenner, Paradox in Chesterton. Sheed, 1948) Paradoxes of Oscar Wilde- Lord Caversham: I dont know how you stand society. A lot of damned nobodies talking about nothing.Lord Arthur Goring: I love talking about nothing, Father. Its the only thing I know anything about.Lord Caversham: That is a paradox, sir. I hate paradoxes.(Oscar Wilde, An Ideal Husband, 1895)- If one tells the truth, one is sure, sooner or later, to be found out.(Oscar Wilde, The Chameleon, 1894)- Cyril: But you dont mean to say that you seriously believe that Life imitates Art, that Life in fact is the mirror, and Art the reality?Vivian: Certainly I do. Paradox though it may seemand paradoxes are always dangerous thingsit is nonetheless true that Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life.(Oscar Wilde, The Decay of Lying. Intentions, 1891) More Verbal Paradoxes Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.(Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762)â€Å"Im an atheist, thank God.†(Luis Buà ±uel)- Much is published, but little printed.(Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854)- Of course, what [Thoreau is] saying here is that with all of the flood of publishing, virtually none of it is ever imprintednone of it ever makes a difference.(Donald Harrington, quoted by Paul A. Doyle in Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries. Associated University Presses, 1972)[W]hereas a world rises to fall, a spirit descends to ascend.(E. E. Cummings, I: Six Nonlectures. Harvard Univ. Press, 1953)Most marriages recognize this paradox: Passion destroys passion; we want what puts an end to wanting what we want.(attributed to John Fowles)This statement is false.(Greek philosopher Eubulides, The Liar Paradox or pseudomenon) Paradox itself is paradoxical; that is what makes it paradox. It cannot be reduced to lowest terms, only deferred. But neither is it ever present before our eyes; it is always in a state of deferral. . . .Paradox is the form taken within the world of representation by the conflict that representation was created to avoid.(Eric L. Gans, Signs of Paradox: Irony, Resentment, and Other Mimetic Structures. Stanford University Press, 1997)

Relationship of poetry and music in Verklarte Nacht(1899) by Arnold Essay

Relationship of poetry and music in Verklarte Nacht(1899) by Arnold Schoenberg - Essay Example A string sextet in classical music is a poem written for six string instruments. A group of six musicians play it on their instruments. Generally, string sextets require an assemblage of two violins, two violas, and two cellos. The tradition of composing for string sextet starts from Op. 23 of Luigi Boccherini, written in 1776. Other famous string sextets include the Op. 18 and Op. 36 of Johannes Brahms, the Op. 48 of Antonà ­n Dvořà ¡k, the Souvenir de Florence Op. 70 of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and the Fantasy for String Sextet Op.3 of John Caughman. (String Sextet The Wikipedia) Schoenberg’s translation of Dehmel’s poem is very deft. It is a powerful presentation of a man and woman walking on the moonlit night in the dark forest, sharing a secret of her with her lover that she is pregnant by a stranger. The composition is in five sections. It starts with a feeling of sadness in the woman because of the confession, the man’s reflection on the guilty feeling in the woman, and his agreeing by forgiving the woman of the guilt: O sieh, wie klar das Weltall schimmert! Es ist ein Glanz um Alles her (see how brightly the universe gleams! There is a radiance on everything). Coming back to Schoenberg’s poem, he was first a composer, anything afterwards. Music in the poem comes from the twelve tone technique. His Verklarte Nacht bears the impact of Johannes Brahms, Richard Wagner, and Gustav Mahler – the German Romanticists.It is evident from his use of chromaticism and separation of phrases from measure boundaries, a Brahms impact. Lyricism permeates throughout the composition, which is an indication of his atonal attempts in future compositions.